Category: Uncategorized

Performance of IBHS FORTIFIED HomeTM Construction in Hurricane Sally

In the two decades since hurricanes Ivan and Katrina struck the coast of Alabama, availability and affordability of coastal property insurance have presented challenges to consumers along the Gulf Coast. More recently and more broadly, property insurance markets present seemingly intractable problems throughout the country, as the frequency and severity of catastrophic losses appear to increase.

This study presents the first empirical evidence of a technological solution to property insurance availability and affordability concerns. We find that IBHS Fortified construction performs at least as well as modeled in a strong category-two hurricane. By building houses to the Gold Fortified standard, and retrofitting roofs to the Fortified Roof standard, communities can substantially reduce the cost of insurance and out of pocket costs (deductibles) when an event occurs.

We also find houses that earned the Fortified designation performed better than houses built to an identical code, but without a Fortified designation. This evidence suggests that the private enforcement mechanism included in the Fortified process adds value on its own.

Download the study.

Estimating the Effects of Wind Loss Mitigation on Home Value

Thirty-five catastrophic hurricanes have caused more than $341 billion (in real 2021 dollars) of insured losses along the east coast and gulf coast of the United States since 1999.1 During the same period, coastal property homeowners’ insurance rates in the U.S have increased substantially. Nonetheless, population growth in coastal areas has consistently outpaced that of inland areas, resulting in skyrocketing property value that is exposed to hurricane risk. Large value at high risk caused a decrease in the availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance. For example, the insurance premium for a house in Gulf Shores, Alabama (the city in our sample that is closest to the coast) is 3.15 times greater than that of an identical house in Huntsville, Alabama (the major city in Alabama furthest from the coast). For houses at the coast, the wind portion of insurance premiums is about 80% of total premium.2

Given the location of a house, the only way to decrease the probability and/or severity of a hurricane loss, and thereby reduce the insurance premium, is to install loss mitigation features. Toward this end, the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS)3 offers the FORTIFIED Home™ (henceforth “Fortified”) program to promote construction of homes that are resilient to natural disasters. Fortified is a set of engineering and building standards designed to strengthen new and existing homes through system-specific building upgrades. The Fortified houses we consider in this study are built to mitigate wind and wind-driven water damage from hurricanes. In addition to promulgating construction standards, IBHS also trains contractors and evaluators to build and inspect houses to meet the standards. A trained and certified evaluator must inspect the house at several specific points in the building process for a house to receive the Fortified designation.

State law requires insurance companies in Alabama to give discounts for houses that earn the Fortified designation.4 There are three levels of Fortified designation: Bronze, Silver, and Gold. The differences in these levels are explained at the IBHS website.5 Table 1 presents benchmark discounts for each level prescribed by the Alabama Department of Insurance. These discounts only apply to the wind portion of a homeowner’s insurance premium. While insurers may offer larger discounts, they may not offer discounts smaller than the benchmark levels.

New Reports Reveal the State of Auto Theft in America

TUSCALOOSA, Ala. – Someone steals a vehicle every 36 seconds in the U.S., according to a recent report by the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB). Overall, there were 880,595 motor vehicle thefts nationwide in 2020. This 10 percent increase from the previous year is a sharp departure from several years of modest declines in auto crimes. The NICB notes that the pandemic created multiple national crises that correlate with the surprising increase in car theft rates.

The experts at AutoInsurance.com have examined the state of auto theft in the U.S. in 2022 and determined that you are much more likely to experience motor vehicle theft in certain regions, states, and cities compared to the national average. The average motor vehicle theft rate is highest on the West Coast, with an average of 302 thefts per 100,000 inhabitants. Meanwhile, the rate is 1 percent lower in the South. Alabama saw a 7.5 percent drop in auto crimes, from 12,252 in 2019 to 11,336 in 2020, with an average car theft rate of 222 per 100,000 inhabitants. Florida and Georgia also saw rates decline by 3.3 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively. These three southeastern states were among the ten states to experience a decrease in motor vehicle thefts in 2020.

“Auto thefts saw a dramatic increase in 2020 versus 2019 in part due to the pandemic, an economic downturn, law enforcement realignment, depleted social and schooling programs, and, in still too many cases, owner complacency,” said David Glawe, president and CEO of the NICB. “For many people, a car is the second largest investment they will ever make behind a home. As such, it is important to take simple steps to protect your investment–lock your car and take your keys, no matter where you live.”

With auto crimes on the rise nationally, drivers should be vigilant and familiarize themselves with their insurance coverage. Comprehensive coverage helps pay to repair or replace a covered vehicle that is stolen or damaged by something other than a collision. However, it won’t cover items stolen from a car (like laptops) or aftermarket upgrades (like custom parts). Instead, a standard homeowners or renters insurance policy would cover personal property under the “off-premises coverage” clause. Drivers who have unfortunately fallen victim to car theft should take steps such as filing a police report, having the proper paperwork on hand when talking to their insurance company, and remembering to file a stolen vehicle report with the DMV.

This article was written by Reginald Allison II, Business Manager of ACIIR, with contributions from Aliza VigdermanDirector of Content of AutoInsurance.com. 

How Risky is Distracted Driving?

TUSCALOOSA, Ala. – Dr. Lars Powell, director of the Alabama Center for Insurance Information & Research (ACIIR), and Dr. Boyi Zhuang, an associate research professional at the ACIIR, presented on the riskiness of distracted driving at the 2022 Risk Theory Society Seminar on Saturday, May 21, 2022, at Baylor University.  

There is substantial and perhaps surprising disagreement among public policymakers, researchers, and citizens about the danger of distracted driving. Drs. Powell and Zhuang and their co-authors attempt to address this lack of consensus in the academic literature by analyzing data on fatal crashes.  

Their analysis suggests that distracted drivers are three times more likely to cause a fatal crash than focused drivers and that distracted drivers represent three to four percent of drivers on the road at any given time. Additionally, the societal cost (externality) of distracted driving is between $.03 and $.07 per mile. The insurance surcharge for a distracted driving citation that could internalize the avoidable insurance losses is approximately $424 per year. These findings extend the literature on distracted driving and traffic fatalities, and can help inform policymakers on the traffic safety and economic consequences of distracted driving.

Click here to find out more about this research. 

Alabama Department of Insurance Renews National Accreditation

TUSCALOOSA, Ala. –  The Alabama Department of Insurance has been re-accredited by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). The renewed accreditation was approved by NAIC’s Financial Regulation Standards and Accreditation Committee during NAIC’s Spring National Meeting in Kansas City, MO, on April 4–8, 2022.

“I want to thank the NAIC for their rigorous review as well as the employees of the Alabama Department of Insurance for their professionalism in ensuring we continue to meet and exceed standards and lead the way in insurance regulation,” said Alabama Insurance Commissioner Jim Ridling.

The NAIC is the U.S. standard-setting and regulatory support organization created and governed by the chief insurance regulators from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. The NAIC has a formal certification program to accredit each state’s insurance regulator, requiring risk-focused financial surveillance to include on-site examinations, and requires solvency-related model laws, rules, and guidelines that have been adopted through consensus and collaboration. Accredited insurance departments undergo a comprehensive review by an independent review team every five years to ensure the departments continue to meet baseline financial solvency oversight standards. The Alabama Department of Insurance has been continuously accredited by the NAIC since 1995.

12 Insurance Companies Among the ‘World’s Most Ethical Companies’ for 2022

TUSCALOOSA, Ala. –  The Ethisphere Institute, a global leader in defining and advancing the standards of ethical business practices, named 12 insurance companies to its 2022 list of “World’s Most Ethical Companies.”

The 16th annual list recognizes companies “that have demonstrated a commitment to ethical business practices through programs that positively impact employees, communities and broader stakeholders, and contribute to sustainable and profitable long-term business performance.”

This year, 136 honorees from 22 countries and 45 industries earned the coveted designation. Of those honorees, 12 companies were recognized in the industry categories of Accident & Life Insurance, Health Insurance, Insurance Brokers, Insurance, and Property & Casualty Insurance. Those 12 companies are:

  • Aflac Incorporated  
  • Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America
  • Blue Shield of California
  • Cambia Health Solutions
  • CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield
  • Gallagher
  • Health Care Service Corporation
  • Marsh McLennan
  • Pacific Life
  • The Allstate Corporation
  • The Hartford
  • Unum

Marsh McLennan is one of 14 first-time honorees this year, and Aflac is one of six 16-time recipients, having received the award every year since its inception in 2007.  In addition to the 12 insurance companies, Ethisphere also recognized three pharmaceutical companies (Eli Lilly, Lonza, and Pfizer), one health care products company (Henry Schein), and one medical device company (Edwards Lifesciences).

To identify the world’s most ethical companies for 2022, Ethisphere used its proprietary Ethics Quotient rating system to evaluate participating organizations on more than 200 data points across five categories: ethics and compliance programs (35% of overall score), culture of ethics (20%), environmental and social impact (20%), governance (15%), and leadership and reputation (10%). 

Ethisphere updated the evaluation this year to include questions regarding programmatic changes made due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also added a new area around risk assessment to address the U.S. Department of Justice’s recent emphasis on the effectiveness of a company’s risk assessment effort.

“The moment is now, and the data is clear—companies must lead on sustainability, social issues, and governance. The World’s Most Ethical Companies understand that the capitalism of today and tomorrow is one that demonstrates how we turn our ideals into action,” said Ethisphere CEO Timothy Erblich in a news release. “Congratulations to the 2022 honorees for their dedication to advancing business integrity, for leadership on tough issues, and demonstrating that doing good is key to successful, long-term performance.” 

Ethisphere will honor this year’s laureates at the Virtual Honoree Gala on April 12, 2022. The event will feature keynote addresses by Academy Award®\–winning actor Matthew McConaughey and six-time Sports Emmy Award winner Ernie Johnson.

Meet Our Partners in Resiliency

Strengthen Alabama Homes program (SAH) was initially funded in 2016 by the Alabama State Legislature and private donors including the Federal Home Loan Bank and the AIUA. Since then the program has completed 1,043 fortifications and awarded 1,266 grants to help Alabama homeowners afford wind mitigation construction on their homes to protect against severe storms, high winds, and wind-driven rain. The program is currently available for existing, owner-occupied, single-family homes in Mobile and Baldwin counties in Alabama. However, inland homes will be eligible for the next round of funding.

SAH requires the Bronze or Silver standard of the FORTIFIED HomeTM program developed by the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) be met to qualify for the grant program. The FORTIFIED program is designed to construct or retrofit homes to a high resiliency focusing on roofing, entry points and the continuous load path.

Grants provided by SAH will pay 100 percent of the mitigation costs up to $10,000. Any additional costs are the responsibility of the applicant. The grant is only applicable to homes that reach at least the Bronze standard and are certified by a FORTIFIED evaluator.

The work that the SAH is doing will lower insurance rates in Alabama and make homes more resilient and resistant to weather-related damage. When homes are built to withstand wind and rain, insurance companies don’t have to pay out as much, therefore, helping to lower the premiums charged to individuals.

Since it’s implantation SAH has received a healthy supply of applications. Currently, they are unable to accept new applications as they work to raise additional funding. Due to the success of the program so far, the State of Alabama is at the forefront of the country in home mitigation efforts and in the midst of a planning process to determine how to expand their efforts now and in the future.

After completing the SAH home mitigation, homeowners in Alabama are eligible for discounts on their wind damage coverage.

Another reason to fortify your home is to increase its resale value. ACIIR partnered with FORTIFIED to evaluate the resale value of homes after achieving a FORTIFIED designation. The study finds that homes sell for roughly seven percent more than equivalent, non-FORTIFIED homes.

Together SAH, ACIIR and FORTIFIED HomeTM are working to better protect against loss during a severe weather situation and increase resiliency in Alabama communities which are vulnerable to catastrophic hurricanes and tornadoes.

Prepare for Theft with Comprehensive Coverage

There are many reasons to purchase a home or auto insurance policy such as financial protection in case of fire, storm or earthquake damage, requirements set by local regulations and help with replacement costs in the event of an accident. However, one reason that often gets overlooked is the possibility of theft.

Homeowners, renters, and auto insurance offer options that can help cover the cost of replacing broken, damaged, or stolen items. However, insurers can only help when the insurance policy is in place.

In 2016, the total value of stolen property was $257,279,623 in the state of Alabama alone, according to the State of Alabama Law Enforcement annual crime report.  Only 17 percent of the property was recovered.

While Tuscaloosa has seen a general declining trend in burglary, robbery, auto theft, and unlawful breaking and entering of a motor vehicle over the past 10 years, there were still more than a hundred of each crime reported to the Tuscaloosa Police Department in 2016 according to TPD’s annual report.

Anyone who owns a home should review and update their policy to cover cases of theft and property damage from unlawful activities.

Tenants who rent or lease their space should invest in low-cost renters’ insurance policies. The Alabama Center for Insurance Information and Research has published a brochure to help streamline the process of choosing and purchasing a policy. This resource can be found here.

While property stolen from an automobile is covered by homeowners or renters insurance, automobile owners should talk to their agents about comprehensive coverage that covers the costs of repairing damages to their vehicles from a break-in as well as the cost of a stolen vehicle.

ACIIR Releases Renter’s Insurance Guide

TUSCALOOSA, Ala. –Retail sales are up from last year, and that means renters have more household items to protect. The Property Casualty Insurers Association of America (PCI) recommends renters add a review of their existing insurance coverage to their financial to-do list.

The Alabama Center for Insurance Information at The University of Alabama Culverhouse College of Commerce has partnered with the Property Casualty Insurers Association of America, to produce the online interactive Renters Insurance Guide and a printable brochure highlighting the importance of purchasing renter’s insurance.

“A renter’s insurance policy can provide a safety net in the event of an accident to help cover the cost of replacing personal items as well as accidental injury coverage for guests staying at the insured property,” said Lars Powell, director of the Alabama Center for Insurance Information.

“This is the perfect time to get your financial house in order, and an evaluation of your insurance policies should always be part of that effort,” says Chris Hackett, senior director of personal lines policy for PCI. “Updating your insurance policies can give you the peace of mind that comes with knowing you’re properly covered for any unexpected events that may occur in the new year.”

“A renter’s insurance policy gives parents, students, workers, and empty-nesters peace of mind that their personal possessions are covered and will be replaced should an unforeseen event like a fire or theft happen,” said Hackett.

It is in everyone’s best interest to have renter’s coverage and talking with your insurer or agent is a great first step. The average consumer spends $1,092 on coffee each year.  However, a renter’s insurance policy on average costs $240 per year.

A typical homeowners insurance policy will provide 10 percent of the personal property coverage limit for items kept away from home such as in a dorm. On the other hand, renter’s insurance also covers the items that students typically take with them to an off-campus apartment.

However, renter’s insurance also provides other important protection such as Additional Living Expense (ALE) coverage to help with expenses should the apartment become uninhabitable due to a covered loss such as a fire. Liability coverage can protect you if a guest injures themselves while visiting your apartment. It’s always good advice to read over your policy to understand what is, and what is not covered.

Renters insurance is affordable and can frequently be bundled with auto insurance to help keep costs low. Don’t make the mistake of thinking the landlord’s insurance will replace the tenant’s personal possessions.  A landlord’s policy will only cover structural damage to the building from fire or wind. The personal belongings of a tenant are not covered under a landlord’s policy.

“As students head back to school with new laptops, tablets, printers, mobile devices, bicycles, stereo equipment, televisions and hard to replace items, it is important to consider protecting them from theft, fire, and accidental loss,” added Powell.

The Online Interactive Renters guide is available here: http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/780a0222#/780a0222/1

Renters Insurance Brochure

For more information, visit www.crir.culverhouse.ua.edu orwww.pciaa.net

The Alabama Center for Insurance Information and Research provides credible information and research insight for the benefit key stakeholders across the state of Alabama, including policymakers, the public, insurance companies, intermediaries, trade groups, and other parties who need information concerning the management risk. ACIIR is dedicated to providing facts and truths to parties who directly contribute to the economic development of Alabama.

PCI is composed of nearly 1,000 member companies, representing the broadest cross-section of insurers of any national trade association. PCI members write $216 billion in annual premium, 36 percent of the nation’s property casualty insurance. Member companies write 43 percent of the U.S. automobile insurance market, 29 percent of the homeowners market, 34 percent of the commercial property and liability market and 36 percent of the private workers compensation market.

White House Panel Discusses New Study by UA’s Insurance Research Center

FORTIFIED Resilient Building Standard Increases Home Value

TUSCALOOSA, Ala. – A new study on the resale value of fortified home construction by The University of Alabama’s Insurance Research Center was the topic of discussion today at the White House. The panel discussed property loss mitigation – past, present, and future – at this morning’s White House Forum on Smart Finance for Disaster Resilience. The Alabama Center for Insurance Information and Research, and the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety were present for the panel discussion.

“This report is a great example of the practical application of academic research methods,” said Lars Powell, director of the Alabama Center for Insurance Information and Research. “We are very confident in the results and hope they will affect public and private behavior to make exposed communities more resilient to natural disasters.”

“During the past eight years, committed leadership from the White House has effectively framed and advanced the issue of mitigation throughout the public and private sectors,” said Debra Ballen, IBHS general counsel and senior vice president, public policy. “Today, people at all levels of government, as well as businesses and individuals are more focused on mitigating damage from severe weather risks than ever before.”

When asked what successful mitigation looks like, Ballen said strong, well-enforced building codes are the starting point, but there are limitations with codes. She noted that 13 states do not currently have statewide codes in place and many locations with codes do not enforce them effectively.

“This led IBHS to develop its voluntary, market-based FORTIFIED Home™ program, which is a set of engineering and building standards designed to help strengthen new and existing homes through system-specific building upgrades to minimum code requirements that reduce damage from specific natural hazards,” Ballen said.

The study, “Estimating the Effect of FORTIFIED™ Home Construction on Home Resale Value,” is about the effect of IBHS FORTIFIED Home™ designations on home values in Mobile and Baldwin counties in Alabama.

ACIIR’s study found that switching from a conventional construction standard to a Fortified designation increases the value of a home by nearly 7 percent—holding all other variables constant. Our findings suggest that building Fortified houses or retrofitting houses to meet Fortified standards is an economically sound investment. The additional cost of building or retrofitting is frequently is less than 7 percent of home value; therefore, the benefit of a Fortified designation is very likely to outweigh costs. This is without considering other direct benefits such as insurance premium discounts, potential uninsured rebuilding costs, and the inconvenience of temporary housing following a disaster. ACIIR adds that given the robustness of statistical results, they believe it appropriate for appraisers and financial institutions to reflect Fortified designations in appraisals for use in the mortgage process.

In addition to ACIIR staff, the report is co-authored with professors from Auburn University and the University of Mississippi with expertise in finance and real estate.

“This is tangible evidence that FORTIFIED homes are not only more disaster-resistant, they also are being valued higher in the marketplace,” Ballen said. “We need only look at the FORTIFIED homes that survived Hurricane Ike in 2008 on the Bolivar Peninsula in Texas, while virtually all others around them were demolished, to know FORTIFIED is a robust and effective resilient construction standard. Thanks to Dr. Powell’s research, we now know that FORTIFIED also increases the financial value of homes.”

A copy of the study can be downloaded here.